NIPAH VIRUS IN KERALA and how deadly it is

INTRODUCTION

The Nipah virus is a dangerous virus that can spread from animals to humans and is a major concern for public health, especially in Kerala, India. In this blog post, we will discuss the characteristics of the Nipah virus, its effects on communities, the situation regarding the Nipah virus in Kerala, and the actions being taken to control its transmission. Throughout, we will highlight the strength and proactive efforts of the people in Kerala.

WHY IT’S PARTICULARLY RELEVANT IN KERALA

The Nipah virus is particularly relevant in Kerala for various reasons:

1. Previous Outbreaks: Kerala has experienced multiple Nipah virus outbreaks, notably in 2018 and 2019. These incidents highlighted the region’s vulnerability and the need for effective response strategies.
2. High Bat Population: The state’s rich biodiversity, including a significant population of fruit bats, creates a evolved threat of zoonotic spillover events.
3. Agricultural Practices: The consumption of raw date palm sap, a common practice in Kerala, can expose communities to polluted products, increasing transmission threat.
4. Healthcare Infrastructure: While Kerala has a robust healthcare system, the rapid spread of the virus during outbreaks has challenged resources, emphasizing the need for nonstop preparedness and public health education.
5. Community Awareness: The local population’s understanding of the virus and its transmission is crucial for prevention, making education and awareness programs essential.

These factors contribute to the ongoing applicability of Nipah virus in Kerala, challenging alert and visionary health measures.

WHAT IS THE NIPAH VIRUS?

Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus that can beget severe complaint in both animals and humans. It belongs to the rubric Henipavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. The infection can lead to symptoms ranging from mild flu-like signs to severe neurological complications, including encephalitis. Human-to-human transmission is possible, making it a public health concern in affected regions.

Origins of Nipah Virus

Nipah virus was first identified in 1999 during an outbreak in Malaysia, linked to pig farming. The virus is believed to be transmitted from fruit bats, particularly Pteropus species, which are natural hosts of the virus. Following the initial outbreak in Malaysia, additional cases have been reported in Bangladesh and India, often associated with exposure to infected bats or contaminated food products, such as raw date palm sap.

HOW IT SPREADS

• Zoonotic Transmission: The immidiate hosts are fruit bats (especially Pteropus species). Humans can become infected through direct contact with these bats or their secretions.
• Animal-to-Human Transmission: The virus can circulate to humans through contact with infected creatures, particularly pigs, or their fleshly fluids. This was apparent during the original outbreak in Malaysia.
• Human-to-Human Transmission: Once infected, individuals can transmit the virus to others through close contact, respiratory droplets, or contaminated surfaces.
• Contaminated Food and Water: Consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated with bat saliva or urine has been linked to outbreaks.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

1. Fever: Sudden onset of high fever.
2. Headache: Severe headache often accompanies the fever.
3. Myalgia: Muscle pain and general malaise.
4. Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting may occur.
5. Sore Throat: Symptoms resembling a respiratory illness.
6. Dizziness: Feelings of lightheadedness.
7. Encephalitis: In severe cases, symptoms may progress to neurological signs like confusion, seizures, and altered mental status.

Symptoms generally appear 5 to 14 days after exposure, and the complaint can progress fleetly, leading to severe complications or death. Beforehand medical intervention is pivotal for helping issues.

How deadly it is

Nipah virus is considered highly deadly, with a mortality rate that can range from 40% to 75% in reported cases. The severity often depends on factors such as the specific outbreak, the population affected, and the availability of medical care.

The virus can cause severe respiratory illness and neurological symptoms, and while some individuals may recover, others can experience long-term complications. Given its potential for high fatality and the lack of specific treatments or vaccines, Nipah virus poses a significant public health risk.

HISTORY OF NIPAH VIRUS IN KERALA

Nipah virus was first reported in Kerala in May 2018. The outbreak was traced to a family in the Kozhikode district, where several members fell ill after coming into contact with infected fruit bats or consuming contaminated food.

The specific individuals responsible for the initial transmission were not identified, as the virus likely spread from bat reservoirs to humans. The outbreak resulted in a coordinated response from the Kerala state government and health authorities, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and controlling zoonotic diseases.

IS THAT ANY VACCINE FOUND FOR NIPAH VIRUS?

As of now, there is no licensed vaccine specifically for Nipah virus available for widespread use. However, research is ongoing, and several candidates are being developed.Some experimental vaccines have shown pledge in preclinical and early clinical trials, but they are n’t yet approved for open use.

See how mpox is spreading in India https://iknowledgegroup.com/mpox-symptoms-and-3-advice-of-how-to-prevent/

Health advise for whole family https://www.healthline.com/health/nutrition/food-desert-meal-hacks#shopping-tips